Pentoxifylline Suppresses Irritant and Contact Hypersensitivity Reactions

Tumor necrosis factor is a critical mediator in hapten induced irritant and contact hypersensitivity reactions

We examined the role of cytokines in the cutaneous response to the application of trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) in both nonsensitized and sensitized mice, i.e., in the irritant reaction (IR) and contact hypersensitivity reactions (CH). When administered immediately before challenge, anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibody abrogated the ear swelling response in CH; antibody directed against int...

Primary irritant and delayed-contact hypersensitivity reactions to the freshwater cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and its associated toxin cylindrospermopsin

BACKGROUND Freshwater cyanobacteria are common inhabitants of recreational waterbodies throughout the world; some cyanobacteria can dominate the phytoplankton and form blooms, many of which are toxic. Numerous reports in the literature describe pruritic skin rashes after recreational or occupational exposure to cyanobacteria, but there has been little research conducted on the cutaneous effects...

Clinical aspects of contact hypersensitivity

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Allergic and Irritant Contact Dermatitis

Cytokines and Chemokines in Irritant Contact Dermatitis

Irritant contact dermatitis is a result of activated innate immune response to various external stimuli and consists of complex interplay which involves skin barrier disruption, cellular changes, and release of proinflammatory mediators. In this review, we will focus on key cytokines and chemokines involved in the pathogenesis of irritant contact dermatitis and also contrast the differences bet...